How was a concubine chosen?
John Hall
Updated on April 13, 2026
During the earlier dynasties, concubines were frequently chosen from poor families and so often parents obliged, assuming that their daughters were embarking on a better life inside the palace. However, during the Qing dynasty, Emperors looked for concubines from wealthier, nobler families.
How were concubines chosen?
The empress was always selected from the family of a high-ranking official, but other concubines were selected from the general population, and the criteria ranged from emperor to emperor. During the Ming Dynasty, for example, no household was exempt from the process.What did concubines do all day?
Concubines had their own rooms and would fill their days applying make-up, sewing, practising various arts and socialising with other concubines. Many of them spent their entire lives in the palace without any contact with the emperor.How were empresses chosen?
The title empress was bestowed on a woman chosen by an emperor's parents or to a woman the emperor elevated to that title, such as his mother, which was seen an act of filial piety. To take one example: Dowager Empress Cixi's title was based on her role as mother.What are the ranks of a concubine?
After the death of Empress Dugu, Emperor Wen expanded the ranks of the consorts to the following:
- 1 Empress (皇后; huáng hòu)
- 3 Noble Ladies (貴人; guì rén)
- 9 Imperial Concubines (嬪; pín)
- 27 Hereditary Consorts (世婦; shì fù)
- 81 Ladies of His Majesty (禦女; yù nǚ)