How do you estimate the beta of a stock?
Michael Gray
Updated on February 07, 2026
Beta could be calculated by first dividing the security’s standard deviation of returns by the benchmark’s standard deviation of returns. The resulting value is multiplied by the correlation of the security’s returns and the benchmark’s returns.
Can a stock have a zero beta?
A zero-beta portfolio is a portfolio constructed to have zero systematic risk, or in other words, a beta of zero. Such a portfolio would have zero correlation with market movements, given that its expected return equals the risk-free rate or a relatively low rate of return compared to higher-beta portfolios.
What does a beta of 1.25 mean?
A beta of 1 indicates that the security’s price tends to move with the market. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the security’s price tends to be more volatile than the market. A beta of less than 1 means it tends to be less volatile than the market.
How is the beta of a stock measured?
The market return is measured using the capitalization-weighted S&P 500 index of large-cap stocks. Changes over time in the characteristics of a company which affect the way the its stock price covaries with the overall market become reflected in the time-varying beta estimates. As a result, long-term and time-varying betas can differ.
How is the beta of the S & P 500 calculated?
Beta estimates are based on weekly returns over the past 250 weeks. The market return is measured using the capitalization-weighted S&P 500 index of large-cap stocks. Changes over time in the characteristics of a company which affect the way the its stock price covaries with the overall market become reflected in the time-varying beta estimates.
How is beta used in the capital asset pricing model?
The beta (β) of an investment security (i.e. a stock) is a measurement of its volatility of returns relative to the entire market. It is used as a measure of risk and is an integral part of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A company with a higher beta has greater risk and also greater expected returns.
How is the beta coefficient related to the market?
The beta coefficient can be interpreted as follows: 1 β =1 exactly as volatile as the market 2 β >1 more volatile than the market 3 β <1>0 less volatile than the market 4 β =0 uncorrelated to the market 5 β <0 negatively correlated to the market